Electronics

Electronics, embedded, microcontroller, pic, projects, hobby circuits, circuit, blog, transistor, technology

Carbon Nanotubes to Replace Silicon in Computer Chips

A new technique to produce Carbon Nanotubes massively have developed by a group of researchers at IBM including one Indian. The previous experimental results from IBM researches indicated that Carbon Nanotube Transistors can offer better performance over Silicon at sub 10 nm lengths. The team also revealed that they have developed a Carbon Chip made using Nano-sized tubes of carbon with more than 10,000 transistors. Carbon Nanotubes are formed by rolling single atomic sheets of carbon in the form of a tube as shown...

November 30, 2012By Ligo GeorgeElectronics, News0 CommentsRead more...

Astable Multivibrator using 555 Timer

An Astable Multivibrator is an oscillator circuit that continuously produces rectangular wave without the aid of external triggering. So Astable Multivibrator is also known as Free Running Multivibrator. I have already posted about Astable Multivibrator using Transistors. Astable Multivibrator using 555 Timer is very simple, easy to design, very stable and low cost. It can be used for timing from microseconds to hours. Due to these reasons 555 has a large number of applications and it is a popular IC...

November 28, 2012By Ligo George555 Circuits, Electronics555, Astable, Multivibrator14 CommentsRead more...

Astable Multivibrator using Transistors

An Astable Multivibrator or a Free Running Multivibrator is the multivibrator which has no stable states. Its output oscillates continuously between its two unstable states without the aid of external triggering. The time period of each states are determined by Resistor Capacitor ( RC ) time constant. Astable Multivibrator using Transistors - Circuit Astable Multivibrator Using Transistors In the above diagram we can find two transistors which is wired as a switch. Please do read the article Transistor as A Switch. When a...

November 27, 2012By Ligo GeorgeBasic Electronics, ElectronicsAstable, Multivibrator, Transistor34 CommentsRead more...

Transistor as a Switch

We all know that a transistor has 4 regions of operation, in which Active, Cutoff and Saturation are commonly used. A transistor works in active region when worked as an Amplifier. When a transistor works as a Switch it works in Cutoff and Saturation Regions. In the Cutoff State both Emitter Base Junction and Collector Base junctions are reverse biased. But in saturation region both junctions are forward biased. Switch is a very useful and important application of transistors. In most...

November 26, 2012By Ligo GeorgeBasic Electronics2 CommentsRead more...

Ultrasonic Sensors

Ultrasonic Sensors are widely used for non-contact proximity, presence and distance measuring applications. These devices work on a similar principle of sonar or radar which evaluates the target by interpreting the echo from sound or radio waves. It emits a short high frequency sound waves and evaluates echo which is reflected back from the target. Sensors uses the time interval between sending the sound waves and receiving the echo to determine the distance of target. Most of the ultrasonic sensors are equipped with temperature compensation circuit to avoid...

November 25, 2012By Ligo GeorgeElectronics, SensorsSensors, Ultrasonic5 CommentsRead more...

555 Timer IC

The 555 Timer is the one of the most versatile linear hybrid Integrated Circuit (IC) which is used in variety of pulse generation, timer and oscillator applications. In 1972, Signetics Corporation first introduced this device as the SE/NE 555. 555 Timer Now a days it is manufactured by many companies in bipolar and in low power CMOS. It is widely used in electronics circuits as it is very simple and cheap method to produce accurate and highly stable time delays. It can be used for various...

November 14, 2012By Ligo George555 Circuits, Electronics, IC555, IC, Timer0 CommentsRead more...

JK Flip Flop Conversion Techniques

JK Flip Flop is the most commonly used flip flop but in some cases we need SR, D or T flip flop. In such cases we can easily convert JK flip flop to SR, D or T. The first thing that needs to be done for converting one flip flop into another is to draw the truth table for both the flip flops. The next step is to create the equivalent K-Maps for the required outputs. SR Flip Flop using JK...

October 16, 2012By DebaratiElectronics1 CommentRead more...

PWM : Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Duration Modulation or Pulse Width Modulation is a powerful technique used to control analog circuits using digital outputs. Nowadays PWM has a wide variety of applications such as to create analog voltage level, waveform generation, motor speed control, power control and conversion, measurements and communication etc. PWM uses a rectangular pulse wave as shown in the figure below whose pulse width is modulated, which results in the variation in the average voltage of the waveform. Pulse Width Modulation PWM Period The PWM Period is the time duration...

October 9, 2012By Ligo GeorgeElectronicsPulse, PWM1 CommentRead more...